Circulatory cooling system for internal combustion engines



March 28, 1939. w o sofl 2,152,526

CIRCULATORY COOLING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb.19, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet l 1 n. P- ..i :5; 6 4 JZ 8 6' 7 USTION ENGINESMarch 28, 1939.

W. L. MORRISON CIRCULATORY COOLING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMB Filed Feb.19, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 jvelzimd flzllard 7W0)? w.MORRISON Filed Feb. 19, 1934' March 28, 1939.

CIRCULATORY COOLING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL CoMBUsTIbN ENGINES March 28,1939. w. L. MORRISON CIRGULATORY c'ooLING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINES Filed Feb. 19, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 CIRCULATORY COOLING SYSTEMFOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 19, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 5Patented Mar. 28, 1939 PATENT OFFICE CIRCULATORY COOLING SYSTEM FORINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Willard L. Morrison, 'Lake Forest, IlL,assig'nor to The Dole Valve Company, Chicago, 11]., a

corporation of Illinois Application February 19, 1934, Serial No.111,839

Claims. (Cl. 123-178) This invention relates to circulatory coolingsystems for internal combustion engines and has for its object toprovide a new and improved system of this description.

When an internal combustion engineis Aflrst started up the engine iscold and it is important to heat the engine up as quickly as possible.

With the prior circulatory systems the cooling liquid was circulatedthrough the cooling jacket of the engine and the radiator by means 01' apump, and a thermostatic valve was arranged in the system to shut oilwhen cold so that when the engine was started up the cooling liquid washeld in the cooling jacket of the engine until the temperature wasraised sumciently to cause the thermostat to open and permit the coolingliquid to be circulated through the radiator. This prior system hascertain defects, one among others being that when the pump started upthe thermostatic valve had to withstand the pressure produced by thepump and sometimes by steam formed in the cooling jacket, and this tendsto open the valve.

One of the objects of my invention is to do away'with this defect andprovide a system whereby the cooling liquid is circulated through ashort circuit, including the engine cooling jacket when the engine iscold, and when the temperature of the circulated liquid rises a sum- 3cient amount, the circulation is changed to pass through the radiator aswell as the cooling jacket of the engine, and to easily permit theescape of any steam that may be generated. The invention has as afurther object toprovide a cooling system for internal combustion enginecomprising a. circulatory system having two branches, one through theradiator and the other short circuiting the radiator, both being openedwhen the engine is cool, there beingthermostatic means for controllingor closing one 01' the branches has as'a furtherobject to provide acirculatory system with the two branches, the branch through theradiator being open at all times and the 45 branch short circuiting theradiator being arof the circulation is through the radiator and a partthrough the short circuit, the amount through the radiator increasing asthe demand for cooling the liquid increases, thereby provid- 50 ingliquid at the proper temperature under all the varying conditions ofuse. 'The invention has other objects which are more particularlypointed out in the accompanying description.

Referring now to the drawings,

55 Fig. I is a view of an internal combustion when the engine becomeswarm. Theinvention ranged so that under ordinary conditions a partengine provided with one form of circulatory system embodying theinvention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view on line 2-3 of Fig. 3, with. 5 parts broken away;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 44 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on line 55 of Fig.1:

Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing the valve closed;

' Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on line 8-8 15 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken on line 9-9 of Fig. '7;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken on line Ill-Ill of Fi "I; 20

- Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the radiator and "associated partsshowing the circulation of the liquid when the engine first starts up,taken on line-l l--ll of Fig. 3;

Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 11 showing the 25 circulation of theliquid after the engine has heated up;

Fig. 13 is a view of a circulatory system showing 'a modifiedconstruction;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken on line ll-il of Fig. 13; f

Fig. 15 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line l5- l5 of Fig. 14;

Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken'on' line lB-IB of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a sectional view taken on line l'i-li of Fig. 15; I

Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a part otthe radiator showing thecirculation of the cooling liquid when the engine is cold;

Fig. 19 is a view' similar to Fig. 18 showing the circulation of thecooling liquid when the engine has warmed up;

Fig. 20 is a view of an internal combustion engine showing a modifiedconstruction of the circulatory system;

Fig. 21 is'a sectionalview taken on line 2l-2 i of Fig. 20;

Fig. 22 is a view-taken on line 22-22 of Fig. 20, with partsbrcken away;

Fig. 23 is an' enlarged sectional view takenon line 2323 of Fig. 20showing the valve open;

Fig. 24 is a view similar to Fig. 23' showing the valve closed;

' Fig. 25 is -a view showing the circulation of the liquid when theengine'is cold;

Fig. 28 is a view similar to Fig. 25 showing the circulation of theliquid when the engine warms up.

Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several figures.

Referring now to the drawings, I have shown an internal combustionengine I having a cooling jacket. There is a radiator 2 which isprovided at the sides with the liquid passageways 8 and 4, and at thetop with the passageway 5, and at the bottom with the passageway 6. Thepassageway 5 communicates with the. passageways in the radiator so thatthe liquid passes from 5 in through the radiator. i

In Figures 1 to 10, for example, I have shown a twin block engine havingtwo sets of cylinders side by side. The cooling jacket of one set ofcylinders is connected at the bottom by a pipe or connection I with thebottom of the radiator, being connected with the passageway 6. Thecooling jacket of the block of cylinders on one side is connected by apipe 8 with the radiator, the connection being made to the passageway 4intermediate its ends, preferably about the middle thereoi'. Similarpipes or connections la and 8a are made betwen the other block ofcylinders and the radiator, the pipe Ia being preferably connected withthe passageway 6 and pipe 8a with the passageway 3. Pumps 9 and 9a arearranged preferably in the pipes or connections 8 and 8a, and thesepumps are operated in any suitable manner from the engine.

In the particular construction shown they are operated by a belt I0 runfrom the engine shaft, this belt also being used to run the fan II ifdesired. Located within the passageway 4 is a valve I! which ispivotally mounted in position and which closes and opens the port oropening l3. This valve is normally open when the engine is cold and isprovided with any suitable thermostatic device l4 which closes the valve.when the engine is warmed up.

In the particular construction shown I have illustrated a valve andthermostat support IS in the passageway 4, and this support also has anopening I 8 at the top. Any form of valve or thermostat may be used andI have illustrated an ordinary form of valve and a thermostat made of acoil of two metals of different coefllcient of expansion. The passageway3 has a similar valve and thermostat to that shown in the passageway 4.In thisconstruction when the engine is cold the valves I! are open. Whenthe engine is started up the pump is operated and the cool- 65 ingliquid is circulated through a short circuit the head of liquid abovethe valve II, the liquid taking the path of least resistance which isdown through the portion 4a of the passageway 4. It will be seen thatthis is a comparatively short circuit and that the liquid'is not beingcooled by the radiator, and hence the cooling liquid willbe heatedquickly so as to bring the engine up to the proper operatingtemperature. Furthermore,

since thereis a circulation of the'liquid;i'instead of the liquid beingconfined inthe cooling jacket,"

the engine will be uniformly heated as the liquid itself will beuniformly heateddue to its circulation. When the engine becomes heated,the

. the engine.

circulating liquid becomes heated and the thermostat l4 acts topartiallyor entirely close the valve 12, the movement of the thermostatbeing determined by the temperature of the engine and the liquid. Underordinary conditions the arrangement will be such that the valve I 2 isonly partially closed so that a part of the cooling liquid passesthrough the radiator and a part passes through the short circuit, thetwo parts mixing at the bottom of the radiator and passing through thepipe I into the cooling jacket. The part of the liquid circulatedthrough the radiator will be cooled, while the part circulated throughthe bypass will not be cooled, and the two mixing will secure a liquidof the proper temperature to secure the most efficient and advantageousconditions. The parts can be arranged so that the short circuit orbypass will only be partially closed, except in the really hot weather,when it may then be fully closed. When the bypass or short circuit isfully closed, the circulation through the bypass will cease and thecirculation of the liquid will then be from the cooling jacket of theengine through the pipe 8 upwardly through the passageway 4 into thepassageway 5, and thence down through the radiator passageways to thebottom passageway 8, and thence back through pipe I to the coolingjacket of the engine, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 12. The circulationthrough the other side from the other block of cylinders will be similarto that just described.

It will be seen that by this system and apparatus the water iscirculated through the short circuit when the engine is first started upso as to insure quick heating of the engine to the proper operatingtemperature, and then automatically the circulation is changed, part ofthe liquid going through the radiator so that the liquid may be cooledthereby, and a part 0! the liquid going through the bypass or shortcircuit so that it will not be cooled, the two parts being united beforeor at the time of passing into the cooling jacket so that properlycooled liquid will pass into the cooling jacket to maintain the propertemperature of the engine. It is important that the engine operate at acomparatively high temperature, as it is more efllcient when sooperated, and it is also important that the temperature shall not be toohigh.

By means of my invention the temperature is is automatically adjusted tothe proper temperature by more-oi the liquid going through the radiatorwhen the temperature rises so as to be cooled thereby, and less goingthrough the radiator when the temperature is lowered, thus automaticallysecuring a proper desired mean.

temperature for the most eflicien't operation of This constructionsecures substantially the same result as though the size oi the radiatorwas automatically changed in accordance with the demand for its coolingeffect. In this construction any'steam that may be formed in thecirculatory system can easily pass up through theliquid above the bypassand escape without doing damage.

In Figures 13 to 19 inclusive a modified construction is shown. Thisconstruction is similar to the construction shown in Figures 1 to 12,except that the valve and thermostat are located in difierent positions.Inv this construction the valves H?) are located at the bottom of thepassageways 3 and 4 instead of intermediate their ends at the pointwhere the pipes 8 and 8a enter, as in the previously described device.This brings the valves and the thermostat down into the cross bottompassageway 6 so that the thermostat;

instead of being acted upon by the heated liquid immediately after itcomes from the cooling jacket, is acted upon by the mixed liquid, a partof which comes directly from the cooling jacket of the engine and partfrom the radiator after having passed therethrough. It" will be seenthat this permits the thermostat to be operated at a lower temperature,for this mixed liquid will have a lower temperature than the liquid thatcomes into contact with the thermostat in Figures 1 In this constructionthe valve and thermostat may be arranged in any desired manner, and Ihave shown a construction where there is a supporting device I! whichhas an opening l6 at the top which is controlled by the valve I21), andthe thermostat No is in a position where it is acted upon by the mixedliquid coming down through the passageways 3 and 4 and through theradiator and across the passageway 6 at the bottom through anopening ISin the supporting device. In the particular construction shown thesupporting device has a projection 20 which projects through the wall ofthe passageway 4 and with which the pipe 1b is connected. The thermostatis mounted in this projecting part 20 and is connected to a lever 2|attached to the valve l2b.

The construction of these parts is set out in detail in Figures 15, 16and l7.- The circulation of the liquid is similar to that heretoforedescribed. When the engine is cold and first started up, for example,the circulation is through the short circuit and is illustrated in Fig.18, the liquid passing from the engine cooling jacket into thepassageway 4 and then down and out through the pipe 1b. When the engineis heated up so as to heat the liquid, the valve l2b is partially orcompletely closed and the circulation is then partially or whollyupwardly through the passageway 4 and across the top and down throughthe radiator and then back through the pipe 1b to the cooling jacket, asshown in Fig. 19. In this construction, instead of having twothermostats, it

is only necessary to have one, and the other valve on the other side iscontrolled by a controlling member 22 which extends along the bottompassageway 6 and which connects with the valve I 2b on the other side.This cheapens the construction, as it requires only one thermostat tooperate the two valves. It also insures the two valves beingsimultaneously operated.

In Figures 20 to 26 there is shown a further modification adapted to beused in connection with the standard construction of one of theprincipal automobile manufacturers. In this standard construction theliquid goes from the cooling jacket into a pipe 23 and then through theradiator and back to the cooling jacket through a pipe 24 at the bottom.To apply the present invention to such a construction I pro vide aconnection from the pipe 23 running down to the pipe 24 and arrange thevalve and thermostat at the bottom of the pipe 23. One cheap andeffective method for securing this result is to provide a couplingmember 25, see Figs. 23 and 24, which has an inlet 26 which is connectedto the cooling jacket of the engine, and an outlet 21 which is connectedwith the pipe 23. It has a second outlet 28 which is connected by meansof a pipe 29 with the pipe 24. A valve 30 controls the outlet 28 and isarranged so that the outlet is normally opened when the parts are cold.A thermostat 3| is located in the coupling and is connected with thevalve 30. When the engine is started up the liquid being acted upon bythe pump passes from the cooling jacket through the inlet 26 into thecoupling, and since there is a head of liquid above this coupling, theliquid will take the path of least resistance and will flow down throughthe outlet 28 into the pipe 29, and thence into the pipe 24 and backinto the V cooling jacket, thus making a short circuit as indicated bythe arrows in Figs. 23 and 25. When the engine is properly heated up thethermostat acts to partially or wholly close the valve 30 and liquidthen passes from the cooling jacket into the coupling 25 and then outthrough the discharge 2'! into the pipe 23, and thence across the topinto the radiator and down through the radiator and out through the pipe24 into the cooling jacket, the circulation being indicated by thearrows in Figs. 24 and 26. If the valve is not completely closed, thenpart of the circulation will be through the bypass or short circuit.

While the invention has been illustrated in connection with theparticular construction of automobile, it is of course evident that itmay be used with any other form, and I therefore do not limit myselfexcept as set out in the claims hereto appended.

I claim:

1. A cooling system for internal combustion engines, comprising aradiator, an engine cooling jacket, a connecting pipe connecting thelower portion of the radiator with the engine cooling jacket, aconnection leading from the engine cooling jacket, a pump in saidconnection, a pipe leading from said pump connection to the upperportion of the radiator and a pipe leading from said pump connection tothe connection be-- tween the radiator and the engine cooling jacket.

2. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising aradiator, an engine cooling jacket, a substantially vertically extendingpipe, having its upper end connected to the radiator and its lower endconnected with the engine cooling jacket, a second connection from theengine jacket to said substantially vertically extending pipeintermediate its ends, and a thermostatically controlled valve in saidpipe below said latter connection.

3. A cooling system for internal combustion engines, comprising aradiator, an engine cooling jacket, a connecting pipe connecting thelower end of the radiator with the engine cooling jacket, a verticallyextending pipe connecting said connecting pipe with the upper end of theradiator, a. connection leading from said vertically extending pipe tothe engine cooling jacket, a pump in said connection for moving thecooling liquid from the engine cooling jacket into said verticallyextending pipe, and means located in' said vertically extending pipe forcausing the cooling liquid from the engine cooling jacket to passthrough one portion of said vertically extending pipe when the engine iscold and through another portion of said vertically extending pipe whenthe engine is hot.

4. A cooling system for internal combustion engines, comprising aradiator, an engine cooling jacket, a connecting pipe connecting thelower end of the radiator with the engine cooling jacket, a verticallyextending pipe connecting said connecting pipe with the upper end of theradiator, a connection leading from said vertically extending pipe tothe engine cooling jacket, a pump in said connection for moving thecooling liquid from the engine cooling jacket into said verticallyextending pipe, and means located in said vertically extending pipefor-causing the cooling liquid from the engine cooling Jacket to passthrough one portion of said vertically extending pipe when the engine iscold and through another portcn or said vertically extending pipe whenthe engine is hot, said means comprising a thermostatially ontrolledvalve located in said vertically extending pipe in proximity to theconnection between said vertically extending pipe and the engine coolingJacket.

5. A cooling system for internal combustion engines, comprising aradiator, an engine cooling Jacket, a connection-from the lower end orthe radiator to the engine cooling Jacket, a vertically extending pipeconnecting said connection with the upper part of the radiator, aconnection from theengine cooling jacket to said vertically 54 extendingpipe, intermediate its upper and lower ends, a pump in said connection,and means for causing the pump to direct the cooling liquid in onedirection through said pipe when the engine is cold and in the oppositedirection through said 10 pipe when the engine is hot.

WIILARD L. MORRISQN.

